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Negative times can appear since workers only update time on an event
loop iteration start. If a worker was blocked for a long time during
an event loop iteration, it is possible that another worker already
updated the time stored in the node. As such, time since last update
of the node (ms) will be negative.
Previous code used ngx_abs(ms) in the calculations. That is, negative
times were effectively treated as positive ones. As a result, it was
not possible to maintain high request rates, where the same node can be
updated multiple times from during an event loop iteration.
In particular, this affected setups with many SSL handshakes, see
http://mailman.nginx.org/pipermail/nginx/2018-May/056291.html.
Fix is to only update the last update time stored in the node if the
new time is larger than previously stored one. If a future time is
stored in the node, we preserve this time as is.
To prevent breaking things on platforms without monotonic time available
if system time is updated backwards, a safety limit of 60 seconds is
used. If the time stored in the node is more than 60 seconds in the future,
we assume that the time was changed backwards and update lr->last
to the current time.
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Cast to intermediate "void *" to lose compiler knowledge about the original
type and pass the warning. This is not a real fix but rather a workaround.
Found by gcc8.
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In mail and stream modules, no certificate provided is a fatal condition,
much like with the "ssl" and "starttls" directives.
In http, "listen ... ssl" can be used in a non-default server without
certificates as long as there is a certificate in the default one, so
missing certificate is only fatal for default servers.
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Previously, result of ngx_atoi() was assigned to an ngx_uint_t variable,
and errors reported by ngx_atoi() became positive, so the following check
in "status < 100" failed to catch them. This resulted in the configurations
like "proxy_cache_valid 2xx 30s" being accepted as correct, while they
in fact do nothing. Changing type to ngx_int_t fixes this, and such
configurations are now properly rejected.
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Previously, ngx_http_upstream_process_header() might be called after
we've finished reading response headers and switched to a different read
event handler, leading to errors with gRPC proxying. Additionally,
the u->conf->read_timeout timer might be re-armed during reading response
headers (while this is expected to be a single timeout on reading
the whole response header).
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Previously, ngx_http_upstream_test_next() used an outdated condition on
whether it will be possible to switch to a different server or not. It
did not take into account restrictions on non-idempotent requests, requests
with non-buffered request body, and the next upstream timeout.
For such requests, switching to the next upstream server was rejected
later in ngx_http_upstream_next(), resulting in nginx own error page
being returned instead of the original upstream response.
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All cases are harmless and should not happen on valid values, though can
result in bad values being shown incorrectly in logs.
Found by Coverity (CID 1430311, 1430312, 1430313).
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Previously, frame state wasn't saved if HEADERS frame payload
that begins with header fragment was not received at once.
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No functional changes.
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The fields "uri", "location", and "url" from ngx_http_upstream_conf_t
moved to ngx_http_proxy_loc_conf_t and ngx_http_proxy_vars_t, reflect
this change in create_loc_conf comments.
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The gRPC protocol makes a distinction between HEADERS frame with
the END_STREAM flag set, and a HEADERS frame followed by an empty
DATA frame with the END_STREAM flag. The latter is not permitted,
and results in errors not being propagated through nginx. Instead,
gRPC clients complain that "server closed the stream without sending
trailers" (seen in grpc-go) or "13: Received RST_STREAM with error
code 2" (seen in grpc-c).
To fix this, nginx now returns HEADERS with the END_STREAM flag if
the response length is known to be 0, and we are not expecting
any trailer headers to be added. And the response length is
explicitly set to 0 in the gRPC proxy if we see initial HEADERS frame
with the END_STREAM flag set.
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According to the gRPC protocol specification, the "TE" header is used
to detect incompatible proxies, and at least grpc-c server rejects
requests without "TE: trailers".
To preserve the logic, we have to pass "TE: trailers" to the backend if
and only if the original request contains "trailers" in the "TE" header.
Note that no other TE values are allowed in HTTP/2, so we have to remove
anything else.
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The module allows passing requests to upstream gRPC servers.
The module is built by default as long as HTTP/2 support is compiled in.
Example configuration:
grpc_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
Alternatively, the "grpc://" scheme can be used:
grpc_pass grpc://127.0.0.1:9000;
Keepalive support is available via the upstream keepalive module. Note
that keepalive connections won't currently work with grpc-go as it fails
to handle SETTINGS_HEADER_TABLE_SIZE.
To use with SSL:
grpc_pass grpcs://127.0.0.1:9000;
SSL connections use ALPN "h2" when available. At least grpc-go works fine
without ALPN, so if ALPN is not available we just establish a connection
without it.
Tested with grpc-c++ and grpc-go.
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The flag can be used to continue sending request body even after we've
got a response from the backend. In particular, this is needed for gRPC
proxying of bidirectional streaming RPCs, and also to send control frames
in other forms of RPCs.
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The flag indicates whether last ngx_output_chain() returned NGX_AGAIN
or not. If the flag is set, we arm the u->conf->send_timeout timer.
The flag complements c->write->ready test, and allows to stop sending
the request body in an output filter due to protocol-specific flow
control.
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Basic trailer headers support allows one to access response trailers
via the $upstream_trailer_* variables.
Additionally, the u->conf->pass_trailers flag was introduced. When the
flag is set, trailer headers from the upstream response are passed to
the client. Like normal headers, trailer headers will be hidden
if present in u->conf->hide_headers_hash.
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No functional changes.
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Based on patches by Johannes Baiter <johannes.baiter@bsb-muenchen.de>
and Calin Don.
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The r->out chain link could be left uninitialized in case of error.
A segfault could happen if the subrequest handler accessed it.
The issue was introduced in commit 20f139e9ffa8.
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Previously, only the upstream response body could be accessed with the
NGX_HTTP_SUBREQUEST_IN_MEMORY feature. Now any response body from a subrequest
can be saved in a memory buffer. It is available as a single buffer in r->out
and the buffer size is configured by the subrequest_output_buffer_size
directive.
Upstream, proxy and fastcgi code used to handle the old-style feature is
removed.
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Unified the style of validity checks in ngx_http_v2_validate_header().
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If the geo block parser has failed, doing more things is pointless.
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If during configuration parsing of the geo directive the memory
allocation has failed, pool used to parse configuration inside
the block, and sometimes the temporary pool were not destroyed.
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There is no need to calculate hashes of static strings at runtime. The
ngx_hash() macro can be used to do it during compilation instead, similarly
to how it is done in ngx_http_proxy_module.c for "Server" and "Date" headers.
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In particular, if a stream object allocation failed, and a client sent
the PRIORITY frame for this stream, ngx_http_v2_set_dependency() could
dereference a null pointer while trying to re-parent a dependency node.
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The Accept-Encoding, Accept-Language, and User-Agent header fields
are now copied from the original request to pushed requests.
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r->headers_in.host can be NULL in ngx_http_v2_push_resource().
This happens when a request is terminated with 400 before the :authority
or Host header is parsed, and either pushing is enabled on the server{}
level or error_page 400 redirects to a location with pushes configured.
Found by Coverity (CID 1429156).
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Resources to be pushed are configured with the "http2_push" directive.
Also, preload links from the Link response headers, as described in
https://www.w3.org/TR/preload/#server-push-http-2, can be pushed, if
enabled with the "http2_push_preload" directive.
Only relative URIs with absolute paths can be pushed.
The number of concurrent pushes is normally limited by a client, but
cannot exceed a hard limit set by the "http2_max_concurrent_pushes"
directive.
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No functional changes.
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Previously, when request body was not available or was previously read in
memory rather than a file, client received HTTP 500 error, but no explanation
was logged in error log. This could happen, for example, if request body was
read or discarded prior to error_page redirect, or if mirroring was enabled
along with dav.
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After 1e720b0be7ec, it's neither specially processed nor copied
when redirecting with X-Accel-Redirect.
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This fixes segfault in configurations with multiple virtual servers sharing
the same port, where a non-default virtual server block misses certificate.
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This is in line when the required pseudo-headers are missing, and
avoids spurious zero statuses in access.log.
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Following ad3f342f14ba046c (1.9.13), it is possible that a request where
header was already sent will be finalized with NGX_HTTP_BAD_GATEWAY,
triggering an attempt to return additional error response and the
"header already sent" alert as a result.
In particular, it is trivial to reproduce the problem with a HEAD request
and caching enabled. With caching enabled nginx will change HEAD to GET
and will set u->pipe->downstream_error to suppress sending the response
body to the client. When a backend-related error occurs (for example,
proxy_read_timeout expires), ngx_http_finalize_upstream_request() will
be called with NGX_HTTP_BAD_GATEWAY. After ad3f342f14ba046c this will
result in ngx_http_finalize_request(NGX_HTTP_BAD_GATEWAY).
Fix is to move u->pipe->downstream_error handling to a later point,
where all special response codes are changed to NGX_ERROR.
Reported by Jan Prachar,
http://mailman.nginx.org/pipermail/nginx-devel/2018-January/010737.html.
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The capability is retained automatically in unprivileged worker processes after
changing UID if transparent proxying is enabled at least once in nginx
configuration.
The feature is only available in Linux.
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If the flag space_in_uri is set, the URI in HTTP upstream request is escaped to
convert space to %20. However this flag is not checked while creating the
default cache key. This leads to different cache keys for requests
'/foo bar' and '/foo%20bar', while the upstream requests are identical.
Additionally, the change fixes background cache updates when the client URI
contains unescaped space. Default cache key in a subrequest is always based on
escaped URI, while the main request may not escape it. As a result, background
cache update subrequest may update a different cache entry.
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