The ngx_event_pipe() function wasn't called on write events with
wev->delayed set.  As a result, threaded writing results weren't
properly collected in ngx_event_pipe_write_to_downstream() when a
write event was triggered for a completed write.

Further, this wasn't detected, as p->aio was reset by a thread completion
handler, and results were later collected in ngx_event_pipe_read_upstream()
instead of scheduling a new write of additional data.  If this happened
on the last reading from an upstream, last part of the response was never
written to the cache file.

Similar problems might also happen in case of timeouts when writing to
client, as this also results in ngx_event_pipe() not being called on write
events.  In this scenario socket leaks were observed.

Fix is to check if p->writing is set in ngx_event_pipe_read_upstream(), and
therefore collect results of previous write operations in case of read events
as well, similar to how we do so in ngx_event_pipe_write_downstream().
This is enough to fix the wev->delayed case.  Additionally, we now call
ngx_event_pipe() from ngx_http_upstream_process_request() if there are
uncollected write operations (p->writing and !p->aio).  This also fixes
the wev->timedout case.

The ngx_chain_coalesce_file() function may produce more bytes to send then
requested in the limit passed, as it aligns the last file position
to send to memory page boundary.  As a result, (limit - send) may become
negative.  This resulted in big positive number when converted to size_t
while calling ngx_output_chain_to_iovec().

Another part of the problem is in ngx_chain_coalesce_file(): it changes cl
to the next chain link even if the current buffer is only partially sent
due to limit.

Therefore, if a file buffer was not expected to be fully sent due to limit,
and was followed by a memory buffer, nginx called sendfile() with a part
of the file buffer, and the memory buffer in trailer.  If there were enough
room in the socket buffer, this resulted in a part of the file buffer being
skipped, and corresponding part of the memory buffer sent instead.

The bug was introduced in 8e903522c17a (1.7.8).  Configurations affected
are ones using limits, that is, limit_rate and/or sendfile_max_chunk, and
memory buffers after file ones (may happen when using subrequests or
with proxying with disk buffering).

Fix is to explicitly check if (send < limit) before constructing trailer
with ngx_output_chain_to_iovec().  Additionally, ngx_chain_coalesce_file()
was modified to preserve unfinished file buffers in cl.

The problem was introduced by 52bd8cc17f34.

A bug was introduced by 82efcedb310b that could lead to timing out of
responses or segmentation fault, when accept_mutex was enabled.

The output queue in HTTP/2 can contain frames from different streams.
When the queue is sent, all related write handlers need to be called.
In order to do so, the streams were added to the h2c->posted queue
after handling sent frames.  Then this queue was processed in
ngx_http_v2_write_handler().

If accept_mutex is enabled, the event's "ready" flag is set but its
handler is not called immediately.  Instead, the event is added to
the ngx_posted_events queue.  At the same time in this queue can be
events from upstream connections.  Such events can result in sending
output queue before ngx_http_v2_write_handler() is triggered.  And
at the time ngx_http_v2_write_handler() is called, the output queue
can be already empty with some streams added to h2c->posted.

But after 82efcedb310b, these streams weren't processed if all frames
have already been sent and the output queue was empty.  This might lead
to a situation when a number of streams were get stuck in h2c->posted
queue for a long time.  Eventually these streams might get closed by
the send timeout.

In the worst case this might also lead to a segmentation fault, if
already freed stream was left in the h2c->posted queue.  This could
happen if one of the streams was terminated but wasn't closed, due to
the HEADERS frame or a partially sent DATA frame left in the output
queue.  If this happened the ngx_http_v2_filter_cleanup() handler
removed the stream from the h2c->waiting or h2c->posted queue on
termination stage, before the frame has been sent, and the stream
was again added to the h2c->posted queue after the frame was sent.

In order to fix all these problems and simplify the code, write
events of fake stream connections are now added to ngx_posted_events
instead of using a custom h2c->posted queue.

Previously, a request body bigger than "client_body_buffer_size" wasn't written
into a temporary file if it has been pre-read entirely.  The preread buffer
is freed after processing, thus subsequent use of it might result in sending
corrupted body or cause a segfault.

Previously, while shutting down gracefully, the HTTP/2 connections were
closed in transition to idle state after all active streams have been
processed.  That might never happen if the client continued opening new
streams.

Now, nginx sends GOAWAY to all HTTP/2 connections and ignores further
attempts to open new streams.  A worker process will quit as soon as
processing of already opened streams is finished.

Linux can return AF_UNIX sockaddrs with partially filled sun_path,
resulting in spurious comparison failures and failed binary upgrades.
Added proper checking of the lengths provided.

Reported by Jan Seda,
http://mailman.nginx.org/pipermail/nginx-devel/2016-September/008832.html.

When the last_buf flag is cleared for add_after_body to append more data from a
subrequest, other filters may still have buffered data, which should be flushed
at this point.  For example, the sub_filter may have a partial match buffered,
which will only be flushed after the subrequest is done, ending up with
interleaved data in output.

Setting last_in_chain instead of last_buf flushes the data and fixes the order
of output buffers.

This is a direct commit to stable as there is no corresponding code
in mainline, default DH parameters were removed in 1aa9650a8154.