If request URI was shorter than location prefix, as after replacement
with try_files, location length was used to copy the remaining URI part
leading to buffer overread.

The fix is to replace full request URI in this case.  In the following
configuration, request "/123" is changed to "/" when sent to backend.

    location /1234 {
        try_files /123 =404;
        proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080/;
    }

Closes #983 on GitHub.

In addition to moving memcpy() under the length condition in 15bf6d8cc,
which addressed a reported UB due to string function conventions, this
is repeated for advancing an input buffer, to make the resulting code
more clean and readable.

Additionally, although considered harmless for both string functions and
additive operators, as previously discussed in GitHub PR 866, this fixes
the main source of annoying sanitizer reports in the module.

Prodded by UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer (pointer-overflow).

Overflowing calculations are now aligned to the greatest positive integer
as specified in RFC 9111, Section 1.2.2.

Found by Coverity (CID 1662016).

Previously, it misused the Host header processing resulting in
400 (Bad Request) errors for a valid request that contains both
":authority" and Host headers with the same value, treating it
after 37984f0be as if client sent more than one Host header.
Such an overly strict handling violates RFC 9113.

The fix is to process ":authority" as a distinct header, similarly
to processing an authority component in the HTTP/1.x request line.
This allows to disambiguate and compare Host and ":authority"
values after all headers were processed.

With this change, the ngx_http_process_request_header() function
can no longer be used here, certain parts were inlined similar to
the HTTP/3 module.

To provide compatibility for misconfigurations that use $http_host
to return the value of the ":authority" header, the Host header,
if missing, is now reconstructed from ":authority".

No functional changes.

RFC 9114, Section 4.3.1. specifies a restriction for :authority and Host
coexistence in an HTTP/3 request:

: If both fields are present, they MUST contain the same value.

Previously, this restriction was correctly enforced only for portless
values.  When Host contained a port, the request failed as if :authority
and Host were different, regardless of :authority presence.

This happens because the value of r->headers_in.server used for :authority
has port stripped.  The fix is to use r->host_start / r->host_end instead.

This might happen for Huffman encoded string literals as the result
of length expansion.  Notably, the maximum length of string literals
is already limited with the "large_client_header_buffers" directive,
so this was only possible with nonsensically large configured limits.