The change allows modules to use the CONNECT method with HTTP/1.1 requests.
To do so, they need to set the "allow_connect" flag in the core server
configuration.

The change implements processing upstream early hints response in
ngx_http_proxy_module and ngx_http_grpc_module.  A new directive
"early_hints" enables sending early hints to the client.  By default,
sending early hints is disabled.

Example:

    map $http_sec_fetch_mode $early_hints {
        navigate $http2$http3;
    }

    early_hints $early_hints;

    proxy_pass http://example.com;

The directive sets a timeout during which a keepalive connection will
not be closed by nginx for connection reuse or graceful shutdown.

The change allows clients that send multiple requests over the same
connection without delay or with a small delay between them, to avoid
receiving a TCP RST in response to one of them.  This excludes network
issues and non-graceful shutdown.  As a side-effect, it also addresses
the TCP reset problem described in RFC 9112, Section 9.6, when the last
sent HTTP response could be damaged by a followup TCP RST.  It is important
for non-idempotent requests, which cannot be retried by client.

It is not recommended to set keepalive_min_timeout to large values as
this can introduce an additional delay during graceful shutdown and may
restrict nginx from effective connection reuse.

The parameter has been deprecated since c851a2ed5ce8.

The "listen" directive in the http module can be used multiple times
in different server blocks.  Originally, it was supposed to be specified
once with various socket options, and without any parameters in virtual
server blocks.  For example:

    server { listen 80 backlog=1024; server_name foo; ... }
    server { listen 80; server_name bar; ... }
    server { listen 80; server_name bazz; ... }

The address part of the syntax ("address[:port]" / "port" / "unix:path")
uniquely identifies the listening socket, and therefore is enough for
name-based virtual servers (to let nginx know that the virtual server
accepts requests on the listening socket in question).

To ensure that listening options do not conflict between virtual servers,
they were allowed only once.  For example, the following configuration
will be rejected ("duplicate listen options for 0.0.0.0:80 in ..."):

    server { listen 80 backlog=1024; server_name foo; ... }
    server { listen 80 backlog=512; server_name bar; ... }

At some point it was, however, noticed, that it is sometimes convenient
to repeat some options for clarity.  In nginx 0.8.51 the "ssl" parameter
was allowed to be specified multiple times, e.g.:

    server { listen 443 ssl backlog=1024; server_name foo; ... }
    server { listen 443 ssl; server_name bar; ... }
    server { listen 443 ssl; server_name bazz; ... }

This approach makes configuration more readable, since SSL sockets are
immediately visible in the configuration.  If this is not needed, just the
address can still be used.

Later, additional protocol-specific options similar to "ssl" were
introduced, notably "http2" and "proxy_protocol".  With these options,
one can write:

    server { listen 443 ssl backlog=1024; server_name foo; ... }
    server { listen 443 http2; server_name bar; ... }
    server { listen 443 proxy_protocol; server_name bazz; ... }

The resulting socket will use ssl, http2, and proxy_protocol, but this
is not really obvious from the configuration.

To emphasize such misleading configurations are discouraged, nginx now
warns as long as the "listen" directive is used with options different
from the options previously used if this is potentially confusing.

In particular, the following configurations are allowed:

    server { listen 8401 ssl backlog=1024; server_name foo; }
    server { listen 8401 ssl; server_name bar; }
    server { listen 8401 ssl; server_name bazz; }

    server { listen 8402 ssl http2 backlog=1024; server_name foo; }
    server { listen 8402 ssl; server_name bar; }
    server { listen 8402 ssl; server_name bazz; }

    server { listen 8403 ssl; server_name bar; }
    server { listen 8403 ssl; server_name bazz; }
    server { listen 8403 ssl http2; server_name foo; }

    server { listen 8404 ssl http2 backlog=1024; server_name foo; }
    server { listen 8404 http2; server_name bar; }
    server { listen 8404 http2; server_name bazz; }

    server { listen 8405 ssl http2 backlog=1024; server_name foo; }
    server { listen 8405 ssl http2; server_name bar; }
    server { listen 8405 ssl http2; server_name bazz; }

    server { listen 8406 ssl; server_name foo; }
    server { listen 8406; server_name bar; }
    server { listen 8406; server_name bazz; }

And the following configurations will generate warnings:

    server { listen 8501 ssl http2 backlog=1024; server_name foo; }
    server { listen 8501 http2; server_name bar; }
    server { listen 8501 ssl; server_name bazz; }

    server { listen 8502 backlog=1024; server_name foo; }
    server { listen 8502 ssl; server_name bar; }

    server { listen 8503 ssl; server_name foo; }
    server { listen 8503 http2; server_name bar; }

    server { listen 8504 ssl; server_name foo; }
    server { listen 8504 http2; server_name bar; }
    server { listen 8504 proxy_protocol; server_name bazz; }

    server { listen 8505 ssl http2 proxy_protocol; server_name foo; }
    server { listen 8505 ssl http2; server_name bar; }
    server { listen 8505 ssl; server_name bazz; }

    server { listen 8506 ssl http2; server_name foo; }
    server { listen 8506 ssl; server_name bar; }
    server { listen 8506; server_name bazz; }

    server { listen 8507 ssl; server_name bar; }
    server { listen 8507; server_name bazz; }
    server { listen 8507 ssl http2; server_name foo; }

    server { listen 8508 ssl; server_name bar; }
    server { listen 8508; server_name bazz; }
    server { listen 8508 ssl backlog=1024; server_name foo; }

    server { listen 8509; server_name bazz; }
    server { listen 8509 ssl; server_name bar; }
    server { listen 8509 ssl backlog=1024; server_name foo; }

The basic idea is that at most two sets of protocol options are allowed:
the main one (with socket options, if any), and a shorter one, with options
being a subset of the main options, repeated for clarity.  As long as the
shorter set of protocol options is used, all listen directives except the
main one should use it.

Now "listen" directve has a new "quic" parameter which enables QUIC protocol
for the address.  Further, to enable HTTP/3, a new directive "http3" is
introduced.  The hq-interop protocol is enabled by "http3_hq" as before.
Now application protocol is chosen by ALPN.

Previously used "http3" parameter of "listen" is deprecated.

Previously, location prefix length in ngx_http_location_tree_node_t was
stored as "u_char", and therefore location prefixes longer than 255 bytes
were handled incorrectly.

Fix is to use "u_short" instead.  With "u_short", prefixes up to 65535 bytes
can be safely used, and this isn't reachable due to NGX_CONF_BUFFER, which
is 4096 bytes.

Multi headers are now using linked lists instead of arrays.  Notably,
the following fields were changed: r->headers_in.cookies (renamed
to r->headers_in.cookie), r->headers_in.x_forwarded_for,
r->headers_out.cache_control, r->headers_out.link, u->headers_in.cache_control
u->headers_in.cookies (renamed to u->headers_in.set_cookie).

The r->headers_in.cookies and u->headers_in.cookies fields were renamed
to r->headers_in.cookie and u->headers_in.set_cookie to match header names.

The ngx_http_parse_multi_header_lines() and ngx_http_parse_set_cookie_lines()
functions were changed accordingly.

With this change, multi headers are now essentially equivalent to normal
headers, and following changes will further make them equivalent.