This flag appeared in Linux 4.5 and is useful for avoiding thundering herd
problem.

The current Linux kernel implementation walks the list of exclusive waiters,
and queues an event to each epfd, until it finds the first waiter that has
threads blocked on it via epoll_wait().

The errno value is unset in case of epoll_wait() timeout.

When it's known that the kernel supports EPOLLRDHUP, there is no need in
additional recv() call to get EOF or error when the flag is absent in the
event generated by the kernel.  A special runtime test is done at startup
to detect if EPOLLRDHUP is actually supported by the kernel because
epoll_ctl() silently ignores unknown flags.

With this knowledge it's now possible to drop the "ready" flag for partial
read.  Previously, the "ready" flag was kept until the recv() returned EOF
or error.  In particular, this change allows the lingering close heuristics
(which relies on the "ready" flag state) to actually work on Linux, and not
wait for more data in most cases.

The "available" flag is now used in the read event with the semantics similar
to the corresponding counter in kqueue.

It is implied for "x" and "X".