The cast is added to make ngx_proxy_protocol_parse_uint16() similar to
ngx_proxy_protocol_parse_uint32().

The variables have prefix $proxy_protocol_tlv_ and are accessible by name
and by type.  Examples are: $proxy_protocol_tlv_0x01, $proxy_protocol_tlv_alpn.

Previously, all received user input was logged.  If a multi-line text was
received from client and logged, it could reduce log readability and also make
it harder to parse nginx log by scripts.  The change brings to PROXY protocol
the same behavior that exists for HTTP request line in
ngx_http_log_error_handler().

This change partially reverts 2a77754cd9fe to properly free rn->query.

Found by Coverity (CID 1507244).

When set to "off", only IPv6 addresses will be resolved, and no
A queries are ever sent (ticket #2196).

Similar to 70e65bf8dfd7, the change is made to ensure that the ability to
cancel resolver tasks is fully controlled by the caller.  As mentioned in the
referenced commit, it is safe to make this timer cancelable because resolve
tasks can have their own timeouts that are not cancelable.

The scenario where this may become a problem is a periodic background resolve
task (not tied to a specific request or a client connection), which receives a
response with short TTL, large enough to warrant fallback to a TCP query.
With each event loop wakeup, we either have a previously set write timer
instance or schedule a new one.  The non-cancelable write timer can delay or
block graceful shutdown of a worker even if the ngx_resolver_ctx_t->cancelable
flag is set by the API user, and there are no other tasks or connections.

We use the resolver API in this way to maintain the list of upstream server
addresses specified with the 'resolve' parameter, and there could be third-party
modules implementing similar logic.

FastCGI responder is expected to receive CGI/1.1 environment variables
in the parameters (see section "6.2 Responder" of the FastCGI specification).
Obviously enough, there cannot be multiple environment variables with
the same name.

Further, CGI specification (RFC 3875, section "4.1.18. Protocol-Specific
Meta-Variables") explicitly requires to combine headers: "If multiple
header fields with the same field-name are received then the server MUST
rewrite them as a single value having the same semantics".