The XCLIENT command uses xtext encoding for attribute values,
as specified in https://www.postfix.org/XCLIENT_README.html.

Reported by Igor Morgenstern of Aisle Research.

An UTF-8 octet sequence cannot start with a 11111xxx byte (above 0xf8),
see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3629#section-3.  Previously,
such bytes were accepted by ngx_utf8_decode() and misinterpreted as 11110xxx
bytes (as in a 4-byte sequence).  While unlikely, this can potentially cause
issues.

Fix is to explicitly reject such bytes in ngx_utf8_decode().

Per RFC 3986 only the following characters are allowed in URIs unescaped:

unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
gen-delims    = ":" / "/" / "?" / "#" / "[" / "]" / "@"
sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
              / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="

And "%" can appear as a part of escaping itself.  The following
characters are not allowed and need to be escaped: %00-%1F, %7F-%FF,
" ", """, "<", ">", "\", "^", "`", "{", "|", "}".

Not escaping ">" is known to cause problems at least with MS Exchange (see
http://nginx.org/pipermail/nginx-ru/2010-January/031261.html) and in
Tomcat (ticket #2191).

The patch adds escaping of the following chars in all URI parts: """, "<",
">", "\", "^", "`", "{", "|", "}".  Note that comments are mostly preserved
to outline important characters being escaped.

After 4954530db2af, the ";" character is escaped by
ngx_escape_uri(NGX_ESCAPE_ARGS).

After 12a656452ad1, the "%" character is no longer escaped by
ngx_escape_uri(NGX_ESCAPE_REFRESH).

Now "s", "V", and "v" format specifiers may be prefixed with "x" (lowercase)
or "X" (uppercase) to output corresponding data in hexadecimal format.

In collaboration with Maxim Dounin.

Previously, ngx_utf8_decode() was called from ngx_utf8_length() with
incorrect length, potentially resulting in out-of-bounds read when
handling invalid UTF-8 strings.

In practice out-of-bounds reads are not possible though, as autoindex, the
only user of ngx_utf8_length(), provides null-terminated strings, and
ngx_utf8_decode() anyway returns an errors when it sees a null in the
middle of an UTF-8 sequence.

Reported by Yunbin Liu.

At least FreeBSD, macOS, NetBSD, and OpenBSD can return unix sockets
with non-null-terminated sun_path.  Additionally, the address may become
non-null-terminated if it does not fit into the buffer provided and was
truncated (may happen on macOS, NetBSD, and Solaris, which allow unix socket
addresess larger than struct sockaddr_un).  As such, ngx_sock_ntop() might
overread the sockaddr provided, as it used "%s" format and thus assumed
null-terminated string.

To fix this, the ngx_strnlen() function was introduced, and it is now used
to calculate correct length of sun_path.

This also fixes potential undefined behaviour in the range and slice filter
modules, caused by local overflows of signed integers in expressions.